Modelos de Parámetros de Header¶
Si tienes un grupo de parámetros de header relacionados, puedes crear un modelo Pydantic para declararlos.
Esto te permitirá reutilizar el modelo en múltiples lugares y también declarar validaciones y metadatos para todos los parámetros al mismo tiempo. 😎
Nota
Esto es compatible desde la versión 0.115.0 de FastAPI. 🤓
Parámetros de Header con un Modelo Pydantic¶
Declara los parámetros de header que necesitas en un modelo Pydantic, y luego declara el parámetro como Header:
from typing import Annotated
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
host: str
save_data: bool
if_modified_since: str | None = None
traceparent: str | None = None
x_tag: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(headers: Annotated[CommonHeaders, Header()]):
return headers
🤓 Other versions and variants
from typing import Annotated, Union
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
host: str
save_data: bool
if_modified_since: Union[str, None] = None
traceparent: Union[str, None] = None
x_tag: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(headers: Annotated[CommonHeaders, Header()]):
return headers
from typing import List, Union
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated
app = FastAPI()
class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
host: str
save_data: bool
if_modified_since: Union[str, None] = None
traceparent: Union[str, None] = None
x_tag: List[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(headers: Annotated[CommonHeaders, Header()]):
return headers
Tip
Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
host: str
save_data: bool
if_modified_since: str | None = None
traceparent: str | None = None
x_tag: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(headers: CommonHeaders = Header()):
return headers
Tip
Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.
from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
host: str
save_data: bool
if_modified_since: Union[str, None] = None
traceparent: Union[str, None] = None
x_tag: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(headers: CommonHeaders = Header()):
return headers
Tip
Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.
from typing import List, Union
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
host: str
save_data: bool
if_modified_since: Union[str, None] = None
traceparent: Union[str, None] = None
x_tag: List[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(headers: CommonHeaders = Header()):
return headers
FastAPI extraerá los datos para cada campo de los headers en el request y te dará el modelo Pydantic que definiste.
Revisa la Documentación¶
Puedes ver los headers requeridos en la interfaz de documentación en /docs:
Prohibir Headers Extra¶
En algunos casos de uso especiales (probablemente no muy comunes), podrías querer restringir los headers que deseas recibir.
Puedes usar la configuración del modelo de Pydantic para prohibir cualquier campo extra:
from typing import Annotated
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}
host: str
save_data: bool
if_modified_since: str | None = None
traceparent: str | None = None
x_tag: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(headers: Annotated[CommonHeaders, Header()]):
return headers
🤓 Other versions and variants
from typing import Annotated, Union
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}
host: str
save_data: bool
if_modified_since: Union[str, None] = None
traceparent: Union[str, None] = None
x_tag: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(headers: Annotated[CommonHeaders, Header()]):
return headers
from typing import List, Union
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated
app = FastAPI()
class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}
host: str
save_data: bool
if_modified_since: Union[str, None] = None
traceparent: Union[str, None] = None
x_tag: List[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(headers: Annotated[CommonHeaders, Header()]):
return headers
Tip
Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}
host: str
save_data: bool
if_modified_since: str | None = None
traceparent: str | None = None
x_tag: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(headers: CommonHeaders = Header()):
return headers
Tip
Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.
from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}
host: str
save_data: bool
if_modified_since: Union[str, None] = None
traceparent: Union[str, None] = None
x_tag: list[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(headers: CommonHeaders = Header()):
return headers
Tip
Prefer to use the Annotated version if possible.
from typing import List, Union
from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}
host: str
save_data: bool
if_modified_since: Union[str, None] = None
traceparent: Union[str, None] = None
x_tag: List[str] = []
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(headers: CommonHeaders = Header()):
return headers
Si un cliente intenta enviar algunos headers extra, recibirán un response de error.
Por ejemplo, si el cliente intenta enviar un header tool con un valor de plumbus, recibirán un response de error indicando que el parámetro de header tool no está permitido:
{
"detail": [
{
"type": "extra_forbidden",
"loc": ["header", "tool"],
"msg": "Extra inputs are not permitted",
"input": "plumbus",
}
]
}
Resumen¶
Puedes usar modelos Pydantic para declarar headers en FastAPI. 😎